Crime And Punishment Essays (1240 words) - Crime And Punishment

Crime And Punishment Many great literary works emerge from a writer's experiences. Through The Crucible, Arthur Miller unleashes his fears and disdain towards the wrongful accusations of McCarthyism. Not only does Ernest Hemmingway present the horrors he witnessed in World War I in his novel, A Fair Well to Arms, he also addresses his disillusionment of war and that of the expatriates. Another writer who brings his experiences into the pages of a book is Fyodor Dostoyevsky. Faced with adversity and chronic financial problems, he lived as a struggling writer in St. Petersburg, a city stricken with poverty. Dostoyevsky's novel, Crime and Punishment, ingeniously illustrates the blatant destitution that plagued the city of St. Petersburg in nineteenth century. Throughout Crime and Punishment, Dostoyevsky reveals how this destitution victimizes two main female characters, Sofia Semionovna Marmeladov and Avdotya Romanovna Raskolnikov. In a poverty stricken St. Petersburg, many drunkards scourge the local taverns to satiate their desolation. One such out-of-work government clerk, Zakharych Semyon Marmeladov, lingers in the taverns relinquishing every penny to alcohol. Marmeladov's inability to maintain a job causes his family to live as indigents. The lack of money essentially leaves Sofia Semionovna, the daughter of Marmeladov, in a vulnerable position. Although Sonia is an "honorable girl . . .[she] has no special talents" (Crime and Punishment, Fyodor Dostoyevsky [New York: Penguin Group, 1968] 27). With no steady income flowing into the family's pockets, Sonia's three younger stepsiblings cry of hunger. In response to the cries, Katherine Ivanovna, Sonia's stepmother, introduces the idea of harlotry to Sonia. Consequently, Sonia "puts on her cape and kerchief and leaves the apartment" (28). As she re-enters later, she "walk[s] straight up to Katherine Ivanovna, and quietly put[s] thirty rubles on the table" (28). In order to quiet "the weeping of [the] hungry children," Sonia turns to a life of prostitution as a means of supporting her family (28). After tainting her body, "she [does] not utter a word[;] she [does] not even look" (28). "She [hides] her head and face in [a wool shawl] and [lies] down on the bed with her face to the wall" (28). Poverty leads her to corrupt her innocence and victimizes her by stripping her of her "treasure" (28). Not only does poverty rob Sonia of her purity, it also robs her of her family when she has to "register as a prostitute and carry the yellow ticket" (28). Since she carries the yellow ticket, the Marmeladovs' landlady no longer permits her to live in the building, and Sonia, ultimately, resides in an apartment which she shares with "the poorest kind of people" (29). Her marker restricts her from visiting her family at any given time, and "it's mostly after dark . . . Sonia comes to [them]" (29). Even though Mr. Lebeziatnikov, a tenant in the Marmeladovs' apartment building, attempts to "get at Sonia himself," he later reproaches himself and asks, "How can a man as enlightened as myself live in the same rooms with the likes of that?" (29). In the same likeness, Peter Petrovich Luzhin, a corporate lawyer, indulges Sonia with lectures of hand kisses and the French workers' associations and proclaims that he "like[s] the girl a lot . . . [and] no one [treats] her more politely and considerably than [he does], or [has] greater respect for her dignity" (360), yet, he accuses her later at her father's funeral feast of stealing "a government-accredited band note of the value of one hundred rubles" (381). He even boldly states "that a man of [his] experience would not have taken the risk of accusing [Sonia] so directly if [he] were not quite convinced" of her guilt (381). Although Luzhin declares that "it was poverty that drove Sofia Semionovna to this," Katherine Ivanovna laments on Sonia's behalf and begins explaining how "she [only] took a yellow ticket because the children were wasting away from hunger-she sold herself for us" (385). Only when Andrey Semionovich Lebeziatnikov, Luzhin's roommate, defends Sonia do her cries hold any credence over that of the experienced man. Though Sonia becomes a prostitute to support her family, the stigma attached to the profession still clings to her, and she is shunned despite her noble intentions. Similarly, Avdotya Romanovna Raskolnikov, Rodion Romanovna Raskolnikov's sister, also faces victimization on account of her penury. Dunia, another woman in Crime and Punishment who is trying to provide for her family, accepts a job in the Svidrigailov household. With one hundred rubles as an advance on her salary, Dunia intends on sending sixty to her brother Rodion. In time, Mr. Svidrigailov advances on

Manliness in Shakespeares plays

Manliness in Shakespeares plays Introduction The play Macbeth is designed for the purpose of complementing a self proclaimed anti militarist Macbeth (Wells 117). While it is apparent that the play celebrates divine themes such as justice, verity, stableness, temperance, bounty, perseverance, mercy, lowliness, courage, patience, fortitude and devotion, the play shows men defending such virtues not with reluctant resort to force or even industrious soldiership (Wells 117). The confusion of these values forms an appeal that is evident throughout the play to manhood.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Manliness in Shakespeares plays specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More As illustrated by Lady Macbeth true manhood goes hand in hand with heroic deeds of violence. On the other hand for Macduff the attributes of manly valor must be softened by the more civilized virtues of feeling and compassion. But in the play it is not only Macbeth and his wife who associate ma nhood with acts of violence. In fact the play is divided into groups associated with â€Å"good things of the day† and other who act as the â€Å"’nights back agents† (Wells 117). The former group being one that thinks of manhood in terms of only violent actions. The theme of manhood and violence in the play points to a greater ethical and political problem as to whether or not the use of violence to achieve peaceful ends preoccupied Elizabethan writers. In the play on King Lear, Shakespeare presents a dramatic version of the nature of relationships between parents and their children. In the play Lear the King decides to divide his kingdom among his three daughters. In an attempt to allocate the largest bounty to the one he loves most he asks his daughters for expressions of affection (Ruth 6). The youngest speaks plainly and disappoints him resulting in her disinheritance. In the scene that follows pleas to understand her lead to the banishment of Kent. As the play progresses things go awry and in the process his most beloved daughter is hanged. Lear dies completely grief stricken over the death of this daughter leaving Kent, Albany and Edgar to restore order to the kingdom left in disarray (Ruth 6). In this play the author depicts the problems that arise from an excess of manliness. Macbeth In the play Macbeth, the author depicts a central character in the play whose flaws in character bring about his own demise (Sheinberg and Shakespeare 67). In this play this flaw brings about a situation which the character is unable to control and thus spirals into events that become out of the characters control. In this play the tragic hero in question is played by the character Macbeth. The events that lead to his tragic demise begin when he compromises his honor and negates moral responsibility to attain power and position bringing the tragic result of his untimely demise (Sheinberg and Shakespeare 67).Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Among the poor traits that are evident in the character played by Macbeth include fate, weakness, poor decision making and the realization of the flaw but lack of ability to make the necessary change (Sheinberg and Shakespeare 67). The play begins with the return of Macbeth from a successful campaign to defend the Scottish King Duncan (Shmoop 2). Along the way Macbeth and his accomplice Banquo encounter three bearded witches who deliver the news that Macbeth will be named King of Scotland. The witches also mentions that though Banquo will not be a King himself he will be a father to long line of future Kings of Scotland (Shmoop 2). Soon after a character named Ross appears indicating that the old Thane of Cawdor has been found a traitor and will be executed. Following this Macbeth gets to take his place fulfilling the first bit of the prophecy. Macbeth reveals that that the witche s prophecies made him think about murder and he finds himself feeling very guilty and concludes if fate wants him King he will not lift a finger against the current King to make it a reality (Shmoop 3). But this changes when King Duncan announces his son will claim the throne. Upon this event happening he writes a letter to his ambitious wife Lady Macbeth who immediately begins to scheme on how to eliminate King Duncan. She decides that her first task must be to berate Macbeth into believing that he is not a man if he cannot kill Duncan (Shmoop 3). At the same time it happens the King is scheduled to visit Macbeth and his wife insists that this would be the best opportunity to eliminate him and frame his guards. Later that night under his wife’s instructions, Macbeth does the heinous deed and frames a guard for the murder. Following the murder of their father the Kings children escape to avoid being murdered and Macbeth is named the King (Shmoop 3). Soon after Macbeth begins to worry about the witches’ prophecy and hires some hit men to eliminate Banquo and his son Fleance. The plan goes awry and Banquo is murdered but his son Fleance manages to escape (Shmoop 3). Following the murder Macbeth begins to be haunted by Banquo’s ghost. He is also reminded of the prophecy and is advised to pay attention to Macduff, the guard who found the Kings body. Macbeth decides nobody will deny him the throne and decides to murder Macduff’s family (Shmoop 4). By now Macbeth has been labeled a tyrant and is suspected of having hand in the murder of Duncan and Banquo. Following these events Macduff pays a visit to the English King who unlike Macbeth is an honorable man and a well respected King. Soon after this Ross shows up in England with the news that Macbeth has had Macduff’s wife and children killed. This prompts Macduff and Malcolm to begin plots to overthrow Macbeth with the aid of English soldiers (Shmoop 4).Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Manliness in Shakespeares plays specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More In the meantime Lady Macbeth has begun to sleep walk and is plagued by the murders she and her husband colluded to undertake. She eventually dies to which Macbeth responds that her death should have been at more convenient time given his preparations for battle (Shmoop 4). Macbeth believes to be safe given that the prophecy say none born of a woman shall be able to harm him. As the drama continues to unfold Malcolm and Macduff appear with a large army making threats of placing Macbeth’s head on a pike. As the war between the two forces is about to take place Malcolm gives an order to the troops instructing them to cut down trees in Birnham woods to be used as camouflage. It should be noted that the prophecy mentions the wood in Birnam moving to Dunsinane (Shmoop 2). Macbeth is soon cornered in his castle and Macduff reminds Macbeth of his b irth by a caesarean delivery. This untimely removal from his mother’s womb suggests not being born in the play. Macduff the proceeds to slay Macbeth and carries his severed head to Malcolm who was later crowned King (Shmoop 4). Just as it was mentioned in the introduction the play depicts a display of manhood and the use of acts of violence to gain the throne of Scotland. Unfortunately for Macbeth, he relied on ill advice from Lady Macbeth who was of the opinion that manhood went hand in hand with vile deeds of violence. As a result of this Macbeth begins a slow but ultimately fatal game through the murder of King Duncan based on advice from three bearded witches. Once his plan comes to fruition he becomes plagued by the words of the witches and turns on his friend Duncan and slays him to protect his throne. The blood on his hands begins to leads him to further confusion and in his demented state he murders the family of Macduff once gain to protect his throne. Unfortunately, his wife dies leaving him alone to deal with his heinous crimes. Macbeth is eventually surrounded in his castle and slain and Malcolm is crowned the new King. King Lear The play begins with in pre Christian Britain when the then King Lear decides that the time has come for his retirement. This decision comes in light of the fact that the King is aging and would like to avoid any political or family conflict that may arise after his death (Shmoop 2). Based on King Lear’s deteriorating condition he makes a decision to divide his Kingdom between his daughters namely, Cordelia, Goneril and Regan. To determine who will get the biggest bounty the king decides to attempt to determine who among his children loves him most. In the process, Cordelia refuses professing words cannot adequately express her affection. The King is distraught with her and disinherits her (Shmoop2). He refuses to offer Cordelia dowry for marriage and she elopes with the King of France. Lear divides the kingd om between Goneril married to the Duke of Albany and Regan married to the Duke of Cornwall (Shmop3). When Kent, Lear’s main advisor admonishes him of the mistake his making, Lear banishes Kent. When Lear retires to live with Goneril, she soon tires of her father and his entourage and threatens to evict him. The act annoys Lear who moves to Regan’s house (Shmoop3).Advertising Looking for essay on art and design? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Regan also decides not to tolerate her father’s complaints and gangs up with Goneril to have their father get rid of his knights. In this moment he realizes the two did not love him as much as he assumed and he loses his mind and resorts to wandering the kingdom (Shmoop 3). In the process he is assisted by a lowly citizen. The citizen is punished for the deed and one of his servants murders Regan’s husband. As the plot thickens Lear is eventually reunited with Cordelia who forgives her father for all his misgivings. Cordelia and her husband decide to assist by using the French army to attempt to reclaim Lear’s kingdom from Regan and Goneril. Unfortunately the French army lost the battle to the British army of Goneril and Regan. In the events that follow Lear and Cordelia are captured. While Lear and Cordelia languish in prison the other two daughters begin to tussle over the evil Edmund (Shmoop 4). In the process Goneril decides to poison her sister Regan so as to remain with Edmund. This event completely enrages Albany who then decides to attempt to have Edmund and Goneril arrested and charged with the crime of treason owing to their alleged affair and the attempt on his life. In the process Edmund’s brother Edgar stabs him and reveals his identity to his father. The father dies of a heart attack on receiving the news. Before dying Edmund apologizes for his deeds and reveals he had sent someone to kill Lear and Cordelia and advises those present to act fast to prevent the action (Shmoop4). Goneril in light of the number of deaths commits suicide and when the party rush to save Cordelia they find her already dead. Lear enters to carry his dead daughter in his arms and on realizing what became of his family dies of a broken heart (Shmoop 5). The play about King Lear is a play that is a lot more about familial relations than bad political decisions (Shmoop 2). The plays is more about the Kings poor decision to disinherit the only chil d he truly loves, Cordelia, and this sets in motion a series of tragic events (Shmoop 2). The other daughters Goneril and Regan soon after betray their father and begin to squabble over another man. The events lead to breaking the old man’s heart and he resorts to homelessness and becomes a wanderer in his kingdom. As fate would have it war erupts in the kingdom and in the process Goneril poisons her sister then kills herself while Cordelia is unjustly put to death. In the end Lear dies of a broken heart (Shmoop 2). It may be said that that the play depicts the folly of an excessive display of manliness. Ruth, Corrina Siebert. King Lear (MAXNotes Literature Guides). New Jersey: Research Education Association, 1999. Print. Sheinberg, Rebecca McKinlay and William Shakespeare. Macbeth (MAXNotes Literature Guides). New Jersey: Research Education Association, 1994. Print. Shmoop. Macbeth: Shmoop Learning Guide. Printed in the USA: Shmoop University Inc., 2010. Print. Shmoop. King Lear: Shmoop Literature Guide. Printed in the USA; Shmoop University Inc., 2010. Print. Wells, Robin Headlam. Shakespeare on Masculinity. Cambridge: Press Syndicate of the University of Cambridge, 2004. Print.

Aircraft Drawings Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Aircraft Drawings - Essay Example The drawing of Fokker IIV aircraft also has an installation drawing section. Installation section is the last in the working drawing of the aircraft. It provides all the necessary information for a part in its final position in the aircraft. It reveals dimensions for the location of specific parts with reference to useful dimensions in the workshop. In explaining the principle of operation, a schematic diagram is the most suitable. The mechanic installing the aircraft must have a comprehensive understanding and interpretation of the symbols and follow the schematic diagram flow. Mechanics should also understand the concept of wiring diagrams in the aircraft drawings. Wiring diagrams show electrical wiring and circuit operations. They have identification codes that applies to all electrical appliances and devices used in an aircraft (Faa, 2001, p. 15). The knowledge of wiring diagrams and schematics is very crucial to technicians mandated to repair and install electricity. Wire charts also the technicians to understand the flow sequence of events. Troubleshooting flow charts and logic flow charts are the categories of charts with distinguished functions. It is imperative for technicians installing and repairing the aircrafts and electrical appliances to learn and understand its

Animal Rights Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 2

Animal Rights - Essay Example While, because of its many practical and historical considerations, it is difficult to take â€Å"sides† in this argument. As a matter of ethical stance the argument of Regan and Singer presents a clearer more definitive philosophical/ethical case, while Baxter’s hyper-utilitarian defense rings arrogant, unethical, and morally bankrupt. Both Baxter, and Regan and Singer rely heavily on the Utilitarian theory to support and dispute respectively the notion of ethics as applied to animal rights. As a theory of Mill and Bentham, Utilitarianism says the morality of an action is determined by its utility in providing happiness or pleasure to sentient beings. An action, as it were, is judged by its outcome. Baxter states this case word for word through criteria developed from this theory to support his view that when it comes to that which benefits the majority of people, â€Å"Damage to penguins, or sugar pines, or geo ­logical marvels is... simply irrelevant† (Baxter 523). He neglects to discuss animals as feeling creatures. Anyone familiar with animals could never dispute this. It can hardly be leave out of any conversation, pro or con, when it comes to animal rights. The basis of many of Baxter’s justifications is often expressed in dollars and cents, in the highly and often unethical human spheres of money, profit and even politics. â€Å"Penquins don’t vote† (Baxter 524), a sarcastic statement relating to the Utilitarian notion that decisions are made in the collective [by humans], and that animals, as not a part of that collective, have no say and deserve little consideration other than which man chooses to give them. Baxter stoops to the argument that while some say they want to protect animals from harm in all circumstances they still allow them to be slaughtered for food. It is an old argument. Regan and Singer can not be accused of

How American Muslims Face Battles in Their Struggle for Acceptance and Essay

How American Muslims Face Battles in Their Struggle for Acceptance and the Right to Wear Religious Grab in Public Settings - Essay Example Just like all other religious communities in America, Muslims also have a right to carry out their religious activities and wear their traditional dresses at public sites and other events. Nevertheless, many Americans feel alarmed whenever they come across a Muslim man or woman in his or her customary dressing. Thus, measures are being taken by the Muslims of America and some political right activists. The root of this problem has been described as the widespread terrorist attacks by Muslim extremists, which has lead most Americans to believe that every man in a shalwar kameez should be a terrorist. In order to tackle this problem, senators have raised their voices to defend the civil rights of Muslim Americans, and have warned that the Muslim community should not be falsely judged, by the acts of a few radical ones. Senate Majority Whip Dick Durbin (D-Ill.) has declared that Muslims living in America should not be discriminated against and should be allowed to practice their right, which has been authorized by the constitution to other Americans. Hijab has been a heated topic in many parts of the world, with countries like France and Turkey attempting to ban it. In America, Muslim women outnumber Muslim men, four to one, as is reported Samuel Cole in his article ‘Donning the Hijab’. ... Furthermore, according to an article ‘Hijab in America’, encouraging legal actions are taking place in the United States. In 2004, a school girl was not allowed to wear a hijab. When the matter was taken to court, the United States Justice Department supported the girl in her argument. Also tips against discrimination of Hijab, have been issued by the Council on American-Islamic Relations, which advises Muslim women what to do when they are criticized for wearing Hijab in public or any workplace. It also assures the Muslim women that they are allowed to wear Hijab at their workplace under the 1964 Civil Rights Act. With a robust learning program, the Muslim community in America could convince their fellow Americans that hijab is just part of a Muslim woman, through which she can appear distinct from others and moreover it is something that represents religious freedom in America in contrast to other parts of the world, like France, where the government is adamant to ban Hijab regardless the continuous appeals by the Muslim population. It is a fact that Muslim women are discriminated more for wearing the customary dress than Muslim men, in America. Hijab has been an ongoing controversial topic in America, with most Americans unable to understand the true reason behind the wearing of the veil. This situation was unpleasant before the 9/11 attacks, and after that it just became worse. After the attacks, President Bush repeatedly cautioned the American population to be friendly towards the Muslim population and not to undermine their values. This was a positive approach towards the acceptance of the religious garb worn by American Muslims by the

Definition of learning organization culture

Definition of learning organization culture Introduction A learning organization is an organization skilled at creating, acquiring, and transferring knowledge, and at modifying its behavior to reflect new knowledge and insights. Ajay Agarwal adds learning in an organization means the continuous testing of experience, and the transformation of that experience into knowledge- accessible to the whole organization, and relevant to its core purpose. Thus, it is derived that learning in an organization sought to continuously improve employees knowledge and unlock the potential of the employees in order to achieve organizations goals. In line with creating efficiency, David Garvin stated that effective learning organization should consist of five learning activities; systematic problem solving, experimentation with new approaches, learning from their own experience and past history, learning from the experiences and best practices of others, and transferring of knowledge quickly and efficiently throughout the organization. Systematic problem solving provides analytical tools eliminating assumptions during problem solving stage. This element insists on solving problems based on information acquired. Experimentation involves the ongoing development of new knowledge with close reliance to innovation of employees. With experimentation, learning from own experience and past history can be done. Employees can learn from their own strengths and weaknesses utilizing the elements for the success of further projects. Learning from others implies the use of others experience and cultivate them into their own thus eliminates the possibility recurrence of failures. Transferring of knowledge is learning through the information of the organization through reports and training and development programme allowing employees to development their skills in line with organizations mission. An effective learning organization will cultivate these activities in developing their employees ensuring maximization of learning. As learning aims directly to provide stable growth in a human, it is inevitable that there are factors that influence the effectiveness of learning organization culture. Sally Sambrook, 2003, categories these in four categories; motivation, HRD, culture and pragmatics. Motivation Psychologically, human behavior towards learning is closely related to the motivation available. Thus, manager plays a vital role in the learning behavior of the employee. Motivation can bring out the enthusiasm of employees to learn effective. Sally Sambrook, 2003, derived the lack of motivation can be due to the following reasons: 1. the lack of time (due to the organisation of work and work pressures); 2. the lack of reward for learning (at the organisational and HR functional level); 3. the lack of enthusiasm in the concept of the learning organisation or training and development in general; and 4. the lack of confidence to learn and/or take responsibility for learning (at a personal level). Thus, the skill of manager in motivating the employees is interrelated to the effectiveness. The involvement of manager in the learning process of the employees can create an interest and define the purpose of learning in the eyes of the employees. HRD In the HRD section, Sally Sambrook, 2003, proposed that often employees lack understanding towards to HRD objectives. Thus, employees had less clarity towards the purpose of learning and the procedures and the objectives in regards to the development plan. The lack of understanding is closely related to the communication of the organization towards the employees. Miscommunication often brings down the learning purpose thus creating confusion and diversified learning environment to the employees. Culture The learning culture of individual reflects the enthusiasm of individual to learn. Individual who possess a learning habit tends to learn things faster. However, employees have the problem in developing this culture. Jones and Hendry, 1992, found that a learning-oriented culture enhances successful learning, whereas it is very difficult to create learning situations in companies with cultures characterised by bureaucracy and inter-functional rivalries and politics. Thus, the capability of organization to develop learning culture will determine the effectiveness of HRD. Pragmatics Sally Sambrook, 2003, identified that the lack of time and HRD resources is the main issue pertaining to the effectiveness of learning. The lack of learning time caused by the work pressure of fulfilling specific task, intervene the time for employees to learn. As a result, employees find little availability towards the actual learning that the organization had implemented. Moreover, the lack of investment in the HRD proves less initiative towards developing the employees. References http://books.google.com.my/books?id=Mku47Rvq95sCpg=PA105dq=jones+and+hendry+1992+learning+oriented+cultureclient=firefox-acd=1#v=onepageq=jones%20and%20hendry%201992%20learning%20oriented%20culturef=false http://www.eclo.org/pages/uploads/File/Non-ECLO%20Publications/Sally%20Sambrook%20Factors%20Influencing%20learning%20in%20Work.pdf http://blip.tv/file/1873772 http://www-e.uni-magdeburg.de/sturafwu/studium/unicert/012.pdf http://www.scribd.com/doc/4245649/Building-a-Leaning-Organization-David-Garvin

William Shakespeares A Midsummer Nights Dream Essay -- Shakespeare M

William Shakespeare's A Midsummer Night's Dream Shakespeare, in his "A Midsummer Night’s Dream," uses his characters to cast a sense of derision over the use of the imagination. â€Å"The lunatic, the lover and the poet† are thrown together all on one line, and it is implied that the latter two are as crazy as the first. (Midsummer Night’s Dream, V.1.7) Despite this seeming scorn for plays and their ilk, Shakespeare is implementing a strong irony. Characters who scorn the imagination are no more than imaginings themselves – and, by this, Shakespeare is actually reinforcing a positive image of plays of the imagination. Theseus’s denial of imagination’s worth reads more as apophasis than as any true refutation. Even as he scorns the poet for giving â€Å"airy nothing/ A local habitation and a name,† he vividly conjures images through metaphor. (V.1.18) Indeed, he is no more than an imagining named by a poet himself – which lends the writing further depth on multiple levels. On Shakespeare’s level, Theseus as a character lends himself well to irony; he is a sort of Fool in disguise. His witty wordplay and flowing metaphors are backed by his confidence that â€Å"such shaping fantasies†¦[are] more than cool reason ever comprehends.† (V.1.5) Theseus considers himself a creature of cool reason – and thus enters the irony, for he disbelieves his own existence. Only some of the audience may have understood the irony. Shakespeare’s plays had a wide audience, and both nobles and ‘groundlings’ – that is, peasants – attended. The playwright’s humor had to keep all classes entertained; the nobles because they sponsored the theater (and increased his fame), and the groundlings because their rotten fruit would otherwise voice their displea... ...inforces the positive image of plays which Shakespeare wishes to portray; that is, it shows that plays do matter, whether or not you believe they can affect the world – just as, in the play, magic does have a hand, whether or not its subjects believe in it. To strengthen his message, Shakespeare draws parallels between the cynical ‘voice of reason,’ Theseus, and the nobles in his intended audience. Thus, said nobles might see how little good Theseus’s cynicism ultimately did him, and that, as he was wrong in disbelieving in the fairies’ power over the lovers, he might be wrong in disbelieving the worth of imagination and plays, and their power over the world of cool reason. Works Cited Shakespeare, William. Edited: Barbara A. Mowat and Paul Werstine. A Midsummer Night's Dream. Folger Shakespeare Library ed. New York: Washington Square Press Drama, 1993.

The Ukrainian Higher Education System Today

A lot of us soon or late being either thinking students or worrying parents face with such problems â€Å"Which school is the best to study? Higher or Secondary Education† All this questions do not have clear and right answer but even though education is still one of the main and the most important problems of our society. So, how does the classical education system present itself? During the period of Renaissances- lyceums, colleges and gymnasiums were the main elements of High Education. And the basic subjects were Latin and Greek language, history and literature.Its aim was acquire of self-education skills, which in further life would help in studying out other subjects. In addition, this system of education was paid, that is why it was available to not all population. Classical education was substituted be real education, the foundations of which were exact science. Real education system has given the ability for developing of technical specialization. New, at that time kn owledge of math, physics and chemistry have brought into life electricity, steam machinery and electronic. In the beginning of the 20th century the education was still paid.But with the advent to power Communists Party, the education has become free. Free education became available for every person, even from villages, small towns and poverty from cities. The young state developed industry enterprises, built railways, were mastering virgin soil and Sibir. All this activities needed the specialists in exact science. In Soviet Union the school was chosen due to place of living. All school were the similar: the same program, same books, same education. Such position made senseless searching for another school.However, there was small number of special schools with deeper studying of foreign languages as German, French, Spanish and of course English. For the liquidation of illiteracy on one level with daily there also were evening schools, where adult people could receive basic knowledg e. Huge number of soviet people even having families wanted to be educated. Therefore Soviet Republics spaced a lot of means and attention to Higher and Secondary Education. The peculiarity of secondary Technical Education was receiving school education simultaneous with receiving specialization.Higher education stipulated for going out to better position in society. The quality of real education, on sample of Soviet Union, had given huge number of experts who later were demanded all over the world. In the end of 20th century great country died, as died its education system. New government decided to return some points of classical education. As you can see, among us someone graduated from simple school, someone from lyceum, someone from gymnasium. However, the attempts to resume the classical education were done partially.That means that the refuse of real education did not bring the increasing of education level. The fact is that all knowledge received must be used in labor activi ty. If it is not so- such knowledge does not make sense. The problem of our country today is small demand of technical knowledge. We really have specialists but they are old and they even do not have ability to share their skills with. We do not have enough factories to work, we do not have appropriate substitution for this, that is why we just simply cannot gave good specialist.We have bad statistic, there is small number of people who really wants to study and does it but then when they finally received their knowledge in our corrupt country, they prefer to use it abroad. The position of our villages is so frightening that young, just graduated students, do not want to work there. That is why now in 21st century every person have to clarify what to do and how, because who else will teach, treat and rule is now you choose irresponsibility, laziness and indifference†¦

The Mad Queen Professor Ramos Blog

The Mad Queen The Mad Queen     Daenerys Targaryen was one of the main characters from A Song of Ice and Fire novels and its HBO adaptation, Game of Thrones.   In season 8 she became the monster that she was sworn to fight. How did this happen? Villains, according to Wiki are commonly in the beginning protagonists or forces of good or evil due to events in their lives.   Originally having been corrupted by other Villains they in turn desire revenge. Failed love relationships, betrayal, or any other unresolved traumatic experience makes the beginning protagonist question whether or not the good-side is worth fighting for.   (Villain Wiki ). In the case of Daenerys, it was revenge for the traumatic experience the lords of Westros made her go through. From the start, as a kid she had to go through the pain of losing her father and being exiled with her brother. Once she became of age, her brother sold her in exchange for an army.   It was only after her brother Viserys and her husband Kal Drogo died that s he was truly free to make her own decisions.   A turn of events empowered Daenerys to put her ideas into a plan of her own.   With the birth of her three dragons, she had assistance and tools to shape the world in her vision. Daenerys’ vision was to take back Westeros and reshape the world in her eyes.    At first, her intentions where good. Free slaves ,feed the poor, and redistribute wealth. As time went on her campaign became more extreme. She started killing people who either betrayed her or would not kneel to her demands.   She formed many allies that would help her cause and go to battle alongside her, but even they were wary of the monster she was becoming. Daenerys, in her quest to win battles lost two of her three dragons.   Realizing this was a loss of her strength and power, she opted to rule through brute force and fear.   On the Siege of Kingslanding in her final battle she rode into the city on her dragon and burned the place to the ground.   She went about killing hundreds of thousands of people even when her advisers told not to. This being the last straw for her friend and lover Jon made him kill her for the greater good.    Once Daenerys and Jons other foes were dead the kingdom of Westeros was at peace, and the name of Daenerys as the Mad Queen would become her legend. To make Daenerys the final villain of this hit show was an unexpected plot twist that audiences did not expect.    Spectators could not help but cheer the young woman on through her trials and tribulations, but these were the situations that eventually led her to become the monster.    There is a reason why people do bad things. Good reasons give rise to their origins. In our world, we have a lot of wars and mass poverty that started somewhere, and its current effect keeps people down.   Only the strong can survive and fight to make it out of the danger zones to see any semblance of glory. An example of this is the wars in the middle east, and raising from the chaos is Extremist leaders. Theses leader lead a cause for a system they deem corrupted or inefficient in their eyes. As for Daenerys she was ousted at a young age because her father kingdom was taken over in a Coup d’à ©tat. This caused for her to live in a far away land where her brother would use her as a barga ining chip for an army. Daenerys was sold off to Kal Drogo in exchange for an army comparable to third world countries selling off their kids for money. When Drogo died, she become in charge of the remaining Dothraki tribe, the Strong members of the tribe didn’t expect her as leader leaving her to die along with the slaves. Daenerys told her Slaves that they were free and if they follow her now, it would be for their common cause making in Daenerys queen of a free world. It looked like all hope was lost until a miracle happened and her dragon eggs hatched this brought hope and moment to her cause. As her dragons grew, so did her army and her extremist ideology. She started saying thing like â€Å"I spent my life in foreign lands. So many men have tried to kill me, I dont remember all their names. I have been sold like a broodmare. Ive been chained and betrayed, raped and defiled. Do you know what kept me standing through all those years in exile? Faith. Not in any gods. Not in myths and legends. In myself. In Daenerys Targaryen. The world hadnt seen a dragon in centuries until my children were born. The Dothraki hadnt crossed the sea. Any sea. They did for me. I was born to rule the Seven Kingdoms, and I will.† (Game of Thrones), this was the start to a downfall.   Daenerys was According to villain wiki a Fallen Hero, one trait of a fallen hero is an extremist this is a character that has well-intentioned goals for the greater good, but their methods and ultimate ends are proven to be very extreme to the point that they become something that is greatly despised, whether by those whom they know, the heroes, or themselves. The actions may even potentially drive them to the dark side as well, which towards the end of the show, Daenerys ultimately did by burning down a whole city and setting her sights on the world domination.   Daenerys started her journey with no one, and as the show progressed, she started gaining more followers and allies, some of which she would call her family.   Daenerys was the mother of three dragons. Names, Drogon after her late husband, Viserion after her recently dead brother, and Rhaegal after her late older brother.   She loved theses dragons as if she gave birth to them, as she came out of the fire she essentially did. She would teach, feed, and raise them as any mother would. Daenerys also had trusted advisers in Sir Jorah and Missandei who always had her back.   Daenerys power and her journey had setbacks throughout the show. It wasnt until season 7 when she faced tragedy losing her dragons. In season 7 John and company went beyond the walls to capture a White Walker, which is an ice zombie to show proof to the world that the threat of them is real.   As events took a turn for the worst, Daenerys flies down with her three dragons to save them. The rescue was a succes s but at the cost of one of her Dragons. With the death of Viserion Daenerys lost on of her children something that no other should go through. Losing a Child would make any parent go mad according to tommy.org a Wales pregnancy nonprofit organization, which says â€Å"many mothers said that after losing their baby they could not think straight and felt unable to make decisions.†Ã‚   This could have caused Daenerys to make the questionable decision that she made. In the show, she lost a total of two dragons, which equals two children in her eyes. In Season 8 Sir Jorah died trying to save her and Missandei died at the hands of Queen Cersei, her main enemy. With the death of her two dragons and friends, it was the final breaking point for Daenerys. The last causal for Daenerys turning to evil was an easy one to detect, jealousy.   From the start of her campaign, her one goal was to become ruler of Westeros. Everything was going smoothly until she landed in Westeros and learned that the people do not respect foreign rulers.   Even if Daenerys was born in Westeros, she was raised by foreigners, grew up with foreigners, and had a foreign army. Compared to the other rulers like Cersei, she did not have their respect. After the battle with the White Walkers, Daenerys could see the Northerners respect for Jon.   Daenerys wanted that respect too, so she came up with the idea, if they wont like you then they will respect you by fear. In conclusion, Daenerys Targaryen was a complex character who used her emotions as fuel. There are better traits than emotions to fuel leadership. Objectivity is better than feelings when becoming a leader.   With Daenerys rough origins, traumatic losses and jealousy it was not hard to see way she became a monster. â€Å"Coping with Grief after the Loss of a Baby – for Parents.† Tommys, tommys.org/pregnancy-information/pregnancy-complications/baby-loss/stillbirth/coping-grief-after-loss-babyparents. â€Å"Daenerys Targaryen.† Game of Thrones Wiki, gameofthrones.fandom.com/wiki/Daenerys_Targaryen. â€Å"Fallen Heroes.† Villains Wiki, villains.fandom.com/wiki/Category:Fallen_Heroes. â€Å"Game of Thrones Official Website for the HBO Series.† HBO, 4 Nov. 2019, hbo.com/game-of-thrones.

immune system Essay

immune system Essay immune system Essay 1. A pathogen or infectious agent is a biological agent that causes disease or illness to its host. 2. Bacteria cause illness by releasing chemicals that are toxic to the host or by destroying healthy body cells. Example: tuberculosis Viruses enter the body and take over healthy a cell, which leads them to stop performing their normal tasks. Example: HIV Fungi go into the body then break the cell wall and use its nutrients to grow. Example: zygote fungi Protozoa are singled organisms that feed on other cells. Example: ameba Parasites are organisms that grow and feed on the host some can even kill the host. Example: filaria 3. Pathogens can be transferred by direct or indirect contact with an infected area. They also can be transmitted by the air, water, animal bites and sexual intercourse. 4. The body system that fights off pathogens and infection is called the immune system. The immune system several defenses the first one is the skin. Second, sense the body has openings such as the nose and mouth the immune system builds mucous to trap the incoming pathogens. The last defenses once a pathogen gets into the body is that B cells and T cells are sent to attack it. 5. Nonspecific responses happen the same way in every pathogen such as inflammation and fever. Specific responses are different for each infection because they are specialized to their certain pathogen such as antigens. 6. A vaccine is a substance that is put

Steve Jobs as one of the most influential business leaders of our time Term Paper

Steve Jobs as one of the most influential business leaders of our time - Term Paper Example Sadly for Steve, he never knew the love of his parents who later on decided to get married and then have another child, a daughter they named Mona. The unwanted baby was adopted by Clara and Paul Jobs who by profession were an accountant and coast guard veteran respectively. They lived in the Mountain View area of Silicone Valley where as a boy, Steve was influenced by his fathers affinity for all things electronic. He would spend many a day and hours learning how to take electronic things apart and put them back together from his father. It was this activity that kick-started Steve's lifelong love affair with all things electronic and technical. Always a man ahead of his time, a young Steven had problems adjusting to regular academic life. He was known as a prankster at school who needed to be coaxed into completing his tasks. Though unfocused and unwilling to sit down and be taught, the principal of his school and his teachers agreed that his boredom and restlessness came from the fact that his intellectual ability was not challenged at his current academic level. The boy tested with a high school learning curve as early as the 4th grade but his parents refused to let the school accelerate him to the proper academic level as dictated by his intellectual quotient exams. By 1971, Steve found himself enrolled at Homestead High School where he would go on to meet Apple co-founder and future business partner Steve Wozniak. Wozniak was, at the time, attending the University of Michigan. Both men had an affinity for computers and other common interests, including an independent mind attitude about how things should be done in the world. It was also this close affinity that would lead to their parting of their business ways later on in their lives. (â€Å"Steve Jobs†) Although Steve enrolled at Reed College in Portland, Oregon, his lack of direction in life led hi to drop out after only 6 months. He would then spend 18 months in creative classes where he would develop a keen interest in calligraphy, which became one of the most notable aspects of Apple Computers later on. In 1974, Steve tried his hand at working for a computer software company and found himself employed at Atari. But even this exposure to the business side of computers left Steve aimless. He spent a period of time trying to find spiritual fulfillment in India along with his use of psychedelic drugs. This was the time when the aimless boy began to find himself and develop into an innovative thinker, far ahead of his time. By 1976 he had convinced Wozniack to team up with him so they could establish Apple Computers with its head office located in his parent's garage. Steve Job's vision at this time was to create a personal computer far different from the mainframes that offices were using this era. His was going to be small enough to fit in a corner in the home and be easy enough for even a child to use. With Wozniack's help, the two men created the first personal computer for home use. Their first Apple computer was sold for $666.66 each. It was from that sale that the home office began to grow to eventually become the juggernaut computer software and hardware leader that it has now become. But the Apple computer as Steve Wozniack had put it together was far from perfect. Jobs knew that there was room for improvement. He just could not put his finger on what that improvement needed to be.

Mathematical Cognition and Mathematical Learning Difficulties Essay

Mathematical Cognition and Mathematical Learning Difficulties - Essay Example Any difficulties in learning or understanding these skills may result in mathematical learning difficulties. It is imperative that we gather information about arithmetic skills in order to perpetuate our understanding of the root cause of dyscalculia. This can be done with the help of the two main neuropsychological models of numerical abilities which are outlined below. McCloskey, Caramazza, and Basili (1985) have divided arithmetic skills into three main groups: (1) comprehension of number concepts; (2) production of numbers; and (3) calculation. (from Shalev and Gross-Tsur) These skills call for the ability to process verbal and Arabic representations of numbers. Further it requires an understanding of the processed numbers coupled with the ability to transcode numbers from one representation to another. Calculation refers to arithmetic competency in terms of strategies used to solve problems, a keen grasp of the concepts involved and a decent knowledge of the counting principles. The "triple-code model" w... sychological as well as an anatomical basis and its premise is the three basic elements of verbal, visual, and magnitude representation in acquiring arithmetic skills. According to this model verbal processing is done in the left hemisphere of the brain whereas magnitude estimations and visual representations are bilaterally localized. Any deficit or failure in acquiring these skills is bound to manifest itself as a mathematical disability. Normal children use a particular or judicious mix of strategies in using these skills to solve arithmetic problems but studies have shown that "MD children tend to use immature problem-solving strategies" (Geary 1993, 348) MATHEMATICAL DISABILITIES FROM A COGNITIVE PERSPECTIVE MD children presumably have difficulties in the retrieval of basic arithmetic facts from their memories and in the computation or procedures involved in arithmetic processes. According to Geary, "lower order deficits of MD children potentially reside in five component skills: procedural, memory retrieval, conceptual, working memory, and speed of processing." The first two are functional skills and they are important determinants of mathematical performance whereas the latter three skills are underlying components which may influence the output. Studies have shown that MD children are, "characterized by a high frequency of computational and memory-retrieval errors" (Geary 1993, 348) This indicates that these children are not fully cognizant of the tenets of mathematics (poor conception) which is further accentuated by a retrieval deficit memory. Moreover their counting speed is slow and this mars problem- solving ability as the working memory falters and finally decays. MD children ar e unaware of the errors they make and hence there is repetition of errors.